Mouton de Gruyter

A Division of Walter de Gruyter & Co. Publishers

Style sheet for authors and editors

1. The manuscript

a) All copy must be typewritten on one side of the sheet only, double-spaced throughout. The requirement of double spacing applies to the entire manuscript, including the notes and the bibliography. Use paper of good quality and of uniform size (preferably A4); do not use paper that will not take notations in ink.

b) Leave adequate margins on all four sides (about 1.5 inches or 4 cm).

c) All pages of the manuscript should be marked with the author's last name and numbered consecutively.

d) Prepare two copies of the manuscript. Send the original to the editor and keep the copy. Enter on the copy any changes, additions, or hand-drawn characters that appear in the original.

e) Computer print-outs produced by a dot matrix printer are not normally acceptable for copy-editing and type-setting purposes. Print-outs of manuscripts which contain special characters and symbols must be of particularly high quality in order to facilitate the identification of these symbols.

f) The manuscript must be correct, complete, and accurate in every way. Changes in the galleys or page proofs are expensive and will have to be charged to the author.

2. Corrections

a) Make all corrections on the manuscript as neatly and unobtrusively as possible. Avoid correction marks which are properly used only in proof-reading. Do not use lines, rings around insertions, or instructions to the typesetter; leave such additions to the editor's discretion.

b) An error discovered when typing is better corrected by x-ing out than by erasing. An error discovered later should be corrected in pen, using a fine-point, not a ball-point pen.

c) If insertions need to be made, write the word between the lines above the point where it belongs. An addition of several words is best written in the margin, using a caret to indicate its place in the line.

3. Titles and headings

a) The text should be divided into sections and, if necessary, subsections, with appropriate headings.

b) Sections should be numbered as follows:

1. Main heading

1.1. Section heading

1.1.1. Subsection heading

c) Do not underscore titles or headings unless parts of them are to be printed in italics.

d) Do not end a title or heading with a period when it is to be set on a line separate from the text.

e) The first line of text following a heading or subheading should start flush left (not indented); all subsequent new paragraphs should be indented.

f) Capitalise only the first letter of the first word and of other words which the orthography of the languages requires to begin with a capital letter (e.g., proper nouns). This also applies to the table of contents.

4. Quotations

a) Short quotations (no more than sixty words) should be run on (i.e., included within the text) and enclosed within double quotation marks.

b) Longer quotations (more than sixty words) should appear as a separate block, double-spaced and indented left and right. They are not to be enclosed within quotation marks.

c) All quotations should follow the original text exactly in wording, spelling, and punctuation. Any additions by the author should be indicated by square brackets. Indicate omissions by ellipsis points without brackets.

d) Quotations from languages other than English which are used in the text should be given first in the original language, the translation being enclosed in square brackets.

5. Italics and emphasis

a) Indicate the use of italics by typing a single line under the words to be italicised. Do not use an italic typeface to indicate those parts of the text which are to be printed in italics.

b) Foreign-language expressions that have not become standard in English should be marked for italics.

c) Italicise the titles of books, essays, pamphlets, published documents, newspapers, periodicals, but not the titles of articles, which should be placed in double quotation marks. Titles in languages other than French, German, English, Italian, and Spanish should be translated into the language of the text; the translation should follow the original title and be placed within square brackets.

d) Italics may be used to draw attention to the first mention of significant terms, but should be kept to a minimum.

e) Italics, boldface type and upper-case letters (full capitals) should not be used to emphasise words or sentences.

6. Punctuation

a) Single quotation marks are used only for the translation of words or phrases from languages other than English (e.g.,
c o g i t o 'I think').

b) Use double quotation marks for direct quotations.

c) Use double quotation marks for "qualified" words or phrases.

d) Quotation marks should be placed inside punctuation when a word or part of a sentence is quoted, or when the title of an article, a contribution to a book, a poem, etc., is quoted. They are placed outside punctuation when complete sentences are cited.

e) Words containing prefixes are written solid, without hyphens, when no misreading will result: "antimentalism", "subdialect". The prefix is followed by a hyphen when the next element begins with a capital letter: "proto-Germanic".

f) When hyphenated terms are split by a linebreak, repeat the hyphen at the beginning of the next line: ...proto- -Germanic.

7. Abbreviations

a) Avoid abbreviations; they often pose severe problems to readers not completely familiar with the language of a text.

b) In general, abbreviations must not be used except when prefixed to linguistic forms cited; thus "the meaning of OEngl.
g u m a" is acceptable but "the meaning of g u m a in OEngl." is not. The latter must be rendered as "the meaning of g u m a in Old English".

c) Abbreviations ending in a small letter have a period following them (OFr., Gk., Lat.); those ending in a capital letter do not (MHG, OCS, OE).

d) If more than one abbreviation is acceptable, select one and use it consistently throughout the text.

8. Examples and foreign words

a) A letter, word, phrase, or sentence cited as a linguistic example or as the subject of discussion appears in italics; do not use quotation marks for this purpose.

b) Cited forms in a foreign language should be followed at least at first occurrence by a gloss in single quotation marks. No comma follows the gloss unless it is required by the sentence as a whole; e.g., "Lat. o v i s 'sheep', e q u u s 'horse', and c a n i s 'dog' are nouns." (Note that the commas follow the closing quotation mark.)

c) Special (e.g. phonetic or phonemic) symbols and other special characters should be inserted in the copy in ink. Diacritics over and under the letters should be drawn in the exact position they are meant to occupy. In leaving blank space for the insertion of symbols by hand, it is better to overestimate the space required rather than to leave too little. These symbols must appear in the manuscript when it is submitted and cannot be added in the galley proofs. If the typesetter is likely to have difficulty in identifying the symbols or special characters required, it is imperative that a list of these be attached to the manuscript; the characters should be carefully drawn and identified by name (e.g., "thorn", "yogh wedge", "Greek gamma", etc.).

d) Displayed examples should be separated from the preceding and the following text by one line of space and numbered consecutively throughout an article or, in the case of a monograph, throughout the whole text. Place the number in brackets, but not the letter following it. A period is used after the letter and at the end of an example, if this is a sentence. The linguistic example appears in italics.

(1) a. I sent the artifacts to an anthropologist.
b. I sent to an anthropologist the artifacts that had been in the attic.
(2) ??I sent to an anthropologist the artifacts.

Examples from languages other than English must have interlinear glosses below them and, in addition, a full free translation:

Original language underscored for italics
Gloss in roman script
'Translation in single quotation marks'

(3) mampianatra angilisy an-d Rabe aho
Cause-learn English ACC-Rabe I
'I am teaching Rabe English.'

Type the gloss in exact alignment with the first line of the example, just as it is to be typeset. Where alignment may not be clear indicate it by adding vertical linking lines (these will not be typeset).

e) Take care not to overrun the line, and indicate a suitable line-break where necessary.

f) References to examples in the text should take the form "see, for example, (1a) and (1b)", with both number and letter in parentheses.

9. Transliteration

Examples from languages that do not use the Latin script should be presented in an accepted transliteration. In case of doubt, the editors should be consulted in advance.

10. Notes

a) In a work by a single author, notes are numbered serially throughout the text and should be placed in a separate section at the end of the text, before the bibliography.

b) For a work consisting of articles by several authors, notes are numbered serially throughout each article and should be placed at the end of each article, before the bibliography.

c) Note numbers in the text are indicated by a raised superscript devoid of punctuation or parentheses.

d) All punctuation marks, including closing parentheses, precede note numbers in the text.

11. Notes sheet

Numbers should appear left, followed by a period; the text is indented:

l. Text
Text
2. Text
Text

12. Citations

a) Full references for the literature cited are given in the bibliography at the end of the manuscript.

b) In the text itself, only brief citations are included. These take the form "(Hockett 1964: 240-21)". When reference is made to inclusive page numbers no digits are dropped, i.e.: "240-241", not "240-41" or "240-1". Note that the page number or numbers given are those of the passage in an article or book to which reference is actually made, not to the entire work. Avoid global references such as "(Chomsky 1965)".

c) Citations of books by more than one author take the form "(Bartsch -- Vennemann 1932: 1)", "(Smith -- Brown -- Jones 1989: 2)". For books with more than three authors "et al." is used in the text; the names of all the authors are given in the bibliography.

d) When a citation refers to a work consisting of more than one volume, the form "(1976, l: 210)" is used.

e) Reprint editions are cited as follows: "Gabelentz ([1972]: 70)" or, if it is important that the original date of publication is included in the text, "(1901 [1972]: 70)".

f) For brief citations, use initials or first names only when it is necessary to distinguish two or more authors with identical last names.

g) If an author's name is part of the running text, use the form "Bloomfield (1933: 264) introduced the term ..."

13. Tables, figures, and illustrations

Mark the position of all tables, figures, and illustrations in the typescript and submit these separately.

Tables

a) Plan each table so that it will fit into the printed page without crowding. Leave ample space between columns, and double space all entries. Please do not use vertical lines.

b) Column headings should be short, so as to stand clearly above the columns. If you need longer headings, represent them by roman numbers and explain these in the text preceding the table.

c) If two or more tables appear, number them and refer to them by number. Do not speak of the "preceding" or the "following" table.

d) Each table should have a legend above it, double spaced. The legend should contain the table number and a concise title. If a (brief) explanation or comment is required, give it under the table.

e) Notes in tables are indicated by raised lower-case letters, the notes appearing below the table.

Figures

a) Draw figures with India ink on tracing paper; only one figure should appear on each sheet. All figures should be drawn to the same scale in such a way that the reduction (if necessary) can be the same for all drawings.

b) All figures should be numbered consecutively with arabic numerals.

c) Type the captions underneath the figures; captions for all figures should also be listed on a separate sheet of paper.

Illustrations

If photographs have to be inserted, the print and the negative (or microfilm) should be provided. Do not send photocopies.

14. Orthography

Both American English and British English forms are acceptable, but spelling must be consistent throughout. In the case of manuscripts consisting of contributions by a number of authors, the volume editor must decide in favour of American or British English and edit the entire manuscript accordingly.

15. Obtaining permissions

It is the author's responsibility to request any permission required for the use of material owned by others. When all permissions have been received, the author should send them, or copies of them, to the publisher, who will note, and comply with, any special provisions regarding credit lines contained in them.

23.4.1990

Sample bibliography

Anttila, Raimo
1972 An introduction to historical and comparative linguistics. New York: Macmillan.

Bartsch, Renate -- Theo Vennemann
1982 Grundzüge der Sprachtheorie: Eine linguistische Einführung. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Eaton, Roger -- Olga Fischer - Willem Koopman -- Frederike van der Leeke (eds.)
1985 Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 41.) Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Fisiak, Jacek
1980 "Some notes concerning contrastive linguistics", AILA Bulletin 27: 1-17.

1983 "Present trends in contrastive linguistics", in: Kari Sajavaara (ed.), 9-38.
Fisiak, Jacek (ed.)

1984 Historical syntax. (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 23.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Gabelentz, Georg von der
1901 Die Sprachwissenschaft: Ihre Aufgaben, Methoden und bisherigen Ergebnisse. (2nd edition.)
Leipzig: Tauchnitz.
[1972] [Reprinted Tübingen: Narr.]
Goddard, Ives
1975 "Algonquian, Wiyot, and Yurok: Proving a distant genetic relationship", in: M. Dale Kinkade -- Oswald
Werner (eds.), 249-262.
Golla, Victor
1987 Review of Greenberg 1987a. Current Anthropology 28: 657-659.
Greenberg, Joseph H.
1987a Language in the Americas. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1987b Reply. Current Anthropology 28: 664-666.
Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.)
1978 Universals of language. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Hoenigswald, Henry M.
1978 "Are there universals of linguistic change?" in: Joseph H. Greenberg (ed.), 30-52.
Jespersen, Otto
1927 A modern English grammar, Part III: Syntax. London: Allen and Unwin.
Jones, Daniel
1950 An English pronouncing dictionary. (11th edition.) London: Dent.
Kinkade, M. Dale -- Oswald Werner (eds.)
1975 Linguistics and anthropology: In honor of C.F. Voegelin. Lisse: de Ridder.
Lunt, Horace G.
1952 A grammar of the Macedonian literary language. Skopje [No indication of publisher.]
Meier, Hans Heinrich
1967 "The lag of relative who in the nominative", Neophilologus 51: 277-286.
Meillet, Antoine
1926-1936 Linguistique historique et linguistique générale. Vols. 1-2. Paris: Champion/Klincksieck.
Parret, Herman (ed.)
1976 History of linguistic thought and contemporary linguistics. Berlin-New York: de Gruyter.
Pott, August Friedrich
1833, 1836 Etymologische Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der indogermanischen Sprachen. 2 vols. Lemgo: Meyer.
Romaine, Suzanne
1984 "Towards a typology of relative clause formation strategies in Germanic", in: Jacek Fisiak (ed.), 437-470.
Sajavaara, Kari (ed.)
1983 Cross-language analysis and second language acquisition 1. (Jyväskylä Cross-Language Studies 9.)
Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.
in press "Psycholinguistic testing of transfer in foreign-language speech processing".
Sapir, Edward
1929 "Central and North American languages", Encyclopaedia Britannica. (14th edition.) London and
New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. 5: 138-141.
[1951] [Reprinted in: David G. Mandelbaum (ed.), Selected writings of Edward Sapir. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1951, 169-178.]
Senn, Alfred
1966 Handbuch der litauischen Sprache 1. Heidelberg: Winter.
Silver, Shirley
1966 The Shasta language. [Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Berkeley.]
Talmy, Leonard
n.d A comparison of the order of morpheme-classes in the Atsugewi and the Kashaya verb. [Unpublished MS.]

Reprinted by permission of publisher.

Last updated: 9/10/98. This page is maintained by Marcin Kilarski.